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Fourth branch of government
In the American political system, the fourth branch of government refers to a group that influences the three branches of government defined in the American Constitution (legislative, executive and judicial). Such groups can include the press (an analogy for the Fourth Estate), the people, and interest groups. U.S. independent administrative government agencies, while technically part of the executive branch (or, in a few cases, the legislative branch) of government, are sometimes referred to as being part of the fourth branch. In some cases the term is pejorative because such a fourth branch has no official status. The term is also widely used as a picturesque phrase without derogatory intent. Where the use is intended to be pejorative, it can be a rhetorical shorthand to illustrate the user's belief in the illegitimacy of certain types of governmental authority with a concomitant skepticism towards the origin of such authority.
== The press ==
The concept of the media or press as a fourth branch stems from a belief that the news media's responsibility to inform the populace is essential to the healthy functioning of the democracy.〔(Peter Gelderloos, 'The Fourth Branch of Government: Corporate Media Complicity from Miami to Iraq', ''Eat The State'' Vol 8, #8 (December 17 2003) ). Retrieved 27 September 2006.〕 The phrase "Fourth Estate" may be used to emphasize the independence of the press particularly when this is contrasted with the press as a "fourth branch".〔Martin A. Lee and Norman Solomon. ''Unreliable Sources'' (New York, NY: Lyle Stuart, 1990) ISBN 0-8184-0521-X〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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